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24 www.xilinx.com Spartan-3 Starter Kit Board User Guide
1-800-255-7778 UG130 (v1.1) May 13, 2005
Chapter 5:
VGA Port
R
Modern VGA displays support multiple display resolutions, and the VGA controller
dictates the resolution by producing timing signals to control the raster patterns. The
controller produces TTL-level synchronizing pulses that set the frequency at which current
flows through the deflection coils, and it ensures that pixel or video data is applied to the
electron guns at the correct time.
Video data typically comes from a video refresh memory with one or more bytes assigned
to each pixel location. The Spartan-3 Starter Kit board uses three bits per pixel, producing
one of the eight possible colors shown in Table 5-2. The controller indexes into the video
data buffer as the beams move across the display. The controller then retrieves and applies
video data to the display at precisely the time the electron beam is moving across a given
pixel.
As shown in Figure 5-2, the VGA controller generates the HS (horizontal sync) and VS
(vertical sync) timings signals and coordinates the delivery of video data on each pixel
clock. The pixel clock defines the time available to display one pixel of information. The VS
signal defines the “refresh” frequency of the display, or the frequency at which all
information on the display is redrawn. The minimum refresh frequency is a function of the
display’s phosphor and electron beam intensity, with practical refresh frequencies in the
60 Hz to 120 Hz range. The number of horizontal lines displayed at a given refresh
frequency defines the horizontal “retrace” frequency.
VGA Signal Timing
The signal timings in Table 5-3 are derived for a 640-pixel by 480-row display using a
25 MHz pixel clock and 60 Hz ±1 refresh. Figure 5-3 shows the relation between each of the
timing symbols. The timing for the sync pulse width (T
PW
) and front and back porch
intervals (T
FP
and T
BP
) are based on observations from various VGA displays. The front
and back porch intervals are the pre- and post-sync pulse times. Information cannot be
displayed during these times.
Table 5-3:
640x480 Mode VGA Timing
Symbol Parameter
Vertical Sync Horizontal Sync
Time Clocks Lines Time Clocks
T
S
Sync pulse time 16.7 ms 416,800 521 32 µs800
T
DISP
Display time 15.36 ms 384,000 480 25.6 µs640
T
PW
Pulse width 64 µs 1,600 2 3.84 µs96
T
FP
Front porch 320 µs 8,000 10 640 ns 16
T
BP
Back porch 928 µs 23,200 29 1.92 µs48
Figure 5-3:
VGA Control Timing
T
FP
T
DISP
T
S
T
PW
T
BP
UG130_c5_03_051305
- Spartan-3 1
- Starter Kit Board 1
- User Guide 1
- UG130 (v1.1) May 13, 2005 2
- Table of Contents 3
- About This Guide 5
- Preface: 6
- Introduction 7
- Figure 1-1: 8
- Component Locations 9
- Chapter 1: 10
- Figure 1-2: 10
- Figure 1-3: 10
- Fast, Asynchronous SRAM 11
- Address Bus Connections 12
- Table 2-3: 13
- Table 2-2: 13
- Chapter 2: 14
- Table 2-4: 14
- Chapter 3 15
- Chapter 3: 16
- Table 3-1: 16
- Table 3-2: 16
- Table 3-3: 16
- Figure 3-2: 17
- Switches and LEDs 19
- Chapter 4: 20
- Table 4-3: 20
- VGA Port 21
- Chapter 5: 22
- Table 5-1: 22
- Table 5-2: 22
- Figure 5-2: 23
- VGA Signal Timing 24
- PS/2 Mouse/Keyboard Port 27
- Keyboard 28
- Figure 6-3: 29
- Table 6-3: 29
- Table 6-4: 29
- Chapter 6: 30
- Figure 6-4: 30
- Figure 6-5: 30
- Voltage Supply 31
- RS-232 Serial Port 33
- Chapter 7: 34
- Table 7-1: 34
- Clock Sources 35
- FPGA Configuration Modes and 36
- Functions 36
- Table 9-1: 37
- (Continued) 37
- Figure 9-1: 37
- Chapter 10 38
- “Flash Read” Option 39
- “Disable” Option 40
- Chapter 11 41
- Chapter 11: 42
- Figure 11-2: 42
- Figure 11-3: 43
- Power Distribution 45
- Chapter 12: 46
- B1 Expansion Connector 47
- UG130_c12_01_042704 47
- Chapter 13: 48
- Table 13-1: 48
- Figure 13-2: 48
- A1 Connector Pinout 49
- A2 Connector Pinout 50
- B1 Connector Pinout 51
- Expansion Boards 52
- Board Schematics 53
- Appendix A: 54
- Figure A-1: 54
- Figure A-2: 55
- Figure A-3: 56
- Figure A-4: 57
- Figure A-5: 58
- Figure A-6: 59
- Figure A-7: 60
- Figure A-8: 61
- UG130_ApA_09_042604 62
- Reference Material for Major 63
- Components 63
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